注意缺陷多动障碍,主要表现为注意力不集中Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive presentation
关键词
注意缺陷多动障碍,主要表现为注意力不集中的核心症状与体征
症状(主观感受)
典型症状
- 注意力不集中:
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多动-冲动:
体征(客观检测结果)
典型体征
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认知功能障碍:
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行为观察:
实验室与影像学特征
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神经影像学检查:
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神经递质检测:
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遗传学检测:
- 基因多态性:全基因组关联研究(GWAS)发现DRD4、ADRA2A等基因位点与疾病风险相关(阳性率:约20%-30%)9。
参考文献:
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Barkley, R. A. (2015). Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. ↩
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Willcutt, E. G. (2012). The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Neurotherapeutics, 9(3), 490-499. ↩ ↩
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Milich, R., Balentine, A. C., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). ADHD combined type and ADHD predominantly inattentive type: Are these distinct disorders?. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(4), 463-475. ↩ ↩ ↩
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Nigg, J. T. (2005). Neuropsychologic theory and findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The state of the field and salient challenges for the coming decade. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1424-1435. ↩
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Martinussen, R., et al. (2005). A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(4), 377-384. ↩ ↩
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Cortese, S., et al. (2012). Toward systems neuroscience of ADHD: A meta-analysis of 55 fMRI studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(10), 1038-1055. ↩ ↩
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Faraone, S. V., & Larsson, H. (2019). Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 24(4), 562-575. ↩ ↩
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Demontis, D., et al. (2019). Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nature Genetics, 51(1), 63-75. ↩